Human Rights and Social Justice through Open Educational Resources and Lifelong Learning
Source: By:Author(s)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/mmpp.v3i1.2925
Abstract: A landmark in the realization of UNESCO’s Sustainability Goals, Education for All (SDG4), was passed when the organization’s Recommendation of Open Educational Resources (OER) was uniformly adopted in 2019. Now it is time to transfer from the consciousness of OER to their mainstream realization at all levels, micro, meso, and macro, including all stakeholders, such as governments, institutions, academics, teachers, administrators, librarians, students, learners, and the civil service. The OER Recommendation includes five areas: building capacity and utilizing OER; developing supportive policies; ensuring effectiveness; promoting the creation of sustainable OER models; promoting and facilitating international collaboration; monitoring and evaluation. OER are valued as a catalyst for innovation and the achievement of UNESCO’s SDG 4, education for all, lifelong learning, social justice, and human rights. The OER Recommendation will be a catalyst for the realization of several other SDGs. Because access to quality OER concerns human rights and social justice, this Recommendation is vital. In 2020, the effects of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic clearly demonstrated the importance of opening up education and the access to internationally recognized, qualified learning resources. This article describes and discusses how the promise of resilient, sustainable quality open education can be fulfilled in the new normal and the next normal. References:[1] UNESCO. (n.d). adoption of OER. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/events/calendar-of-events/events-websites/world-open-educational-resources-congress/ [2] UNESCO. (2020). Recommendation on open educational resources (OER). Ref: CL/4319. http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.phpURL_ID=49556&URL_DO=-DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html [3] UNESCO. (2020e). OER. https://en.unesco.org/themes/building-knowledge-societies/oer/recommendation [4] UNESCO. (2020f). OER dynamic coalition. https://en.unesco.org/themes/building-knowledge-societies/oer/dynamic-coalition [5] UNESCO. (2020). COVID-19 crisis: UNESCO call to support learning and knowledge sharing through open educational resources. https://en.unesco.org/news/covid-19-crisisunesco-call-support-learning-and-knowledge-sharing-through-open-educational [6] UNESCO. (2020). Supporting learning and knowledge sharing through open educational resources (OER). https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/covid19_joint_oer_call_en.pdf [7] UNESCO. (2020, July 01). Towards resilient education systems for the future: A new joint study launched by UNESCO and IEA. https://en.unesco.org/news/towards-resilient-education-systems-future-new-joint-study-launched-unesco-and-iea [8] World Economic Forum. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has changed education forever. This is how. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/coronavirus-education-global-covid19-online-digital-learning/ [9] UNESCO. (2015). Rethinking education: Towards a global common good? https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000232555 [10] Schwab, K. (2016). The fourth industrial revolution. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolutionwhat-it-means-and-how-to-respond/ [11] Schwab, K., & Davis, N. (2018). Shaping the fourth industrial revolution. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/focus/shaping-the-fourth-industrial-revolution [12] Inamorato dos Santos, A., Punie, Y., & CastañoMuñoz, J. (2016). Opening up education: A support framework for higher education institutions. JRC Science for Policy Report, EUR 27938 EN; DOI:10.2791/293408. http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC101436/jrc101436.pdf [13] Ossiannilsson, E. (2018). Ecologies of openness: Reformations through open pedagogy. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 13(2), pp. 103–119. http://www.asianjde.org/2018v13.2.Ossiannilsson.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2bxQrPcQOchJih7CTdLrkAYn8ys_pvC3b5UMyBORm-ycOcAu5Sq_G4p7M [14] Ossiannilsson, E., Zhang, X., Wetzler, J., Gusmão, C., Cengiz, H., Jhangiani, R., Glapa-Grossklag, J., Makoe, M., & Harichandan, D. (2020). From open educational resources to open educational practices for resilient sustainable education: Distance and mediation of knowledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/dms.5393 [15] Cape Town Declaration. (2007). http://www.capetowndeclaration.org/read-the-declaration [16] CPT+. (2017). Cape Town Open Education Declaration: 10th Anniversary. https://www.capetowndeclaration.org/cpt10/open-pedagogy.html [17] Ossiannilsson, E., Glapa-Grosskalk, J., Peachey, V., & Zhang, X. (2019). Opening pathways for access, inclusion, flexibility, and quality. ICDE World Conference, Dublin 2019. [18] OECD. (2015). Open educational resources: A catalyst for innovation. https://www.oecd.org/innovation/open-educational-resources-9789264247543-en.htm [19] UNESCO. (2020). Open Educational Resources (OER) https://en.unesco.org/themes/building-knowledge-societies/oer/recommendation [20] Ossiannilsson, E. (2021). OER: Open to ideas, open to the world. Springer. [21] Ossiannilsson, E. (2020). After COVID-19, some challenges for universities. In A. Tlili, D. Burgos, & A. Tabacco (Eds.), Education in a crisis context: COVID-19 as an opportunity for global learning. LNET series. Springer. [22] UNESCO. (2016). Sustainable development goal 4. http://uis.unesco.org/en/topic/sustainable-development-goal-4 [23] UNESCO. (n.d.). Definition of OER. https://en.unesco.org/themes/building-knowledge-societies/oer [24] UNESCO. (2017). OER Action Plan 2017. Second World OER Congress, Ljubljana. https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ljubljana_oer_action_plan_2017.pdf [25] UNESCO. (2020). Embracing a culture of lifelong learning: Contribution to the Futures of Education initiative. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374112 [26] UNESCO. (2012). The Paris OER Declaration 2012. https://en.unesco.org/oer/paris-declaration [27] Butcher, N. (2011). A basic guide to open educational resources (OER) (free online book). Commonwealth of Learning. [28] Commonwealth of Learning. (2017a). The open educational resources global report 2017. http://oasis.col.org/bitstream/handle/11599/2788/2017_COL_OER-Global-Report.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y [29] Contact North. (2018). Ten facts about open educational resources (OER). https://teachonline.ca/sites/default/files/tools-trends/downloads/ten_facts_aboutopen_educational_resources.pdf [30] Bliss, T. J., & Smith, M. (2017). A brief history of open educational resources. In R. S Jhangiani, & R. Biswas-Diener (Eds.), Open: The philosophy and practices that are revolutionizing education and science (pp. 9–27). Ubiquity Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bbc.b [31] Biswas-Diener, R., & Jhangiani, R. (2017). Open: the philosophy and practices that are revolutionizing education and science. Ubiquity Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bbc [32] Atkins, D. E, Brown, J. S., & Hammond, A. L. (2007). A review of the Open Educational Resources (OER) Movement: Achievement, challenges and new opportunities. William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. [33] Commonwealth of Learning. (2017a). Open educational resources: From commitment to action. [34] Wikipedia. (n.d.). Creative Commons license – Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_license [35] Wiley, D. (n.d.). Defining the “open” in open content and open educational resources. http://opencontent.org/definition/ [36] Wiley, D. (2017). The evolving economics of educational materials and open educational resources: Toward closer alignment with the core values of education. In R. A. Reiser & J. V. Dempsey (Eds.), Trends and issues in instructional design and technology (4th ed.). Pearson Education. [37] Wiley, D., & Hilton, J. (2018). Defining OER-enabled pedagogy. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 19(4), 133-147. [38] UNESCO. (2019). Futures of education. https://en.unesco.org/news/new-unesco-recommendation-will-promote-access-educational-resources-all [39] Huang, R., Liu, D., Tlili, A., Knyazeva, S., Chang, T. W., Zhang, X., Burgos, D., Jemni, M., Zhang, M., Zhuang, R., & Holotescu, C. (2020). Guidance on Open Educational Practices during School Closures: Utilizing OER under COVID-19 Pandemic in line with UNESCO OER Recommendation. Beijing: Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University. [40] Coursera. (2020). More than 1.6 million learners around the world benefit from partner contributions in Coursera’s response to the pandemic. https://blog.coursera.org/more-than-1-6-million-learners-aroundthe-world-benefit-from-partner-contributions-incourseras-response-to-the-pandemic/ [41] Corbeil, J. R., Badrul H. Khan, B. H. , Corbeil, M. E. (2021). The Microlearning in the Digital Age. Design and Delivery of Learning in Snippets. New York: Routledge. [42] Ossiannilsson, E. (2020). Quality models for open, flexible and online learning. Journal of Computer Science Research, 2(4). [43] Downes, S. (2019, March 05). A quick look to the future of OER. Open Education Week 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rg3eZVyuEvo