Mechanical and Microstructural Analysis of Waste Ceramic Optimal Concrete Reinforced by Hybrid Fibers Materials: A Comprehensive Study

Source:
By:Hadee Mohammed Najm, Shakeel Ahmad, Rehan Ahmad Khan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v5i3.4794

Abstract:

Combining different types of fibers inside a concrete mixture was revealed to improve the strength properties of cementitious matrices by monitoring crack initiation and propagation. The contribution of hybrid fibers needs to be thoroughly investigated, considering various parameters such as fibers type and content. The present study aims to carry out some mechanical and microstructural characteristics of Waste Ceramic Optimal Concrete (WOC) reinforced by hybrid fibers. Reinforcement materials consist of three different fiber types: hook-ended steel fiber (HK), crimped steel fiber (CR) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and the effect of their addition on the waste ceramic composites’ mechanical behaviour. Furthermore, a microstructural analysis was carried out to understand the waste ceramic matrix composition and its bonding to hybrid fibers. Results showed that the addition of hybrid fibers improved the strength characteristics of the ceramic waste composites. For instance, the existence of PVA-CR increased the tensile and flexural strength of the waste ceramic composite by 85.44% and 70.37%, respectively, with respect to the control sample (WOC). As well as hybrid fiber exhibits improved morphological properties as a result of increased pore filling with dense and compact structure, as well as increased C–H crystals and denser structure in pastes as a result of the incorporation of hybrid fibers into the concrete mix. The present experimental research shows the choice of using steel fiber with PVA as a reinforcement material. The idea of adding hybrid fiber is to prepare the economic, environmental, and technological concrete. Moreover, it offers a possibility for improving concrete’s durability, which is vital. Finally, it was concluded that steel fiber is more durable, and stiffer and provides adequate first crack strength and ultimate strength. In contrast, the PVA fiber is relatively flexible and improves the post-crack zone’s toughness and strain capacity.

References:

[1]Yang, K.H., 2010. Slump and mechanical properties of hybrid steel-PVA fiber reinforced concrete. Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute. 22(5), 651-658. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4334/JKCI.2010.22.5.651 [2]Banthia, N., Soleimani, S.M., 2005. Flexural response of hybrid fiber-reinforced cementitious composites. ACI Materials Journal. 102(6), 382. [3]Najm, H.M., Ahmad, S., 2021. The effect of metallic and non-metallic fiber on the mechanical properties of waste ceramic concrete. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions. 6(4), 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-021-00571-4 [4]Keshavarz, Z., Mostofinejad, D., 2019. Porcelain and red ceramic wastes used as replacements for coarse aggregate in concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 195, 218-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.033 [5]Heidari, A., Tavakoli, D., 2013. A study of the mechanical properties of ground ceramic powder concrete incorporating nano-SiO2 particles. Construction and Building Materials. 38, 255-264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.110 [6]Torkittikul, P., Chaipanich, A., 2010. Utilisation of ceramic waste as fine aggregate within Portland cement and fly ash concretes. Cement and Concrete Composites. 32(6), 440-449. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.02.004 [7]Awoyera, P.O., Ndambuki, J.M., Akinmusuru, J.O., et al., 2018. Characterisation of ceramic waste aggregate concrete. HBRC Journal. 14(3), 282-287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2016.11.003 [8]Yoo, D.Y., Banthia, N., 2017. Experimental and numerical analysis of the flexural response of amorphous metallic fiber reinforced concrete. Materials and Structures. 50(1), 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0899-0 [9]Hannawi, K., Bian, H., Prince-Agbodjan, W., et al., 2016. Effect of different types of fibers on the microstructure and the mechanical behavior of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concretes. Composites Part B: Engineering. 86, 214-220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.09.059 [10]Bolat, H., Şimşek, O., Çullu, M., et al., 2014. The effects of macro synthetic fiber reinforcement use on physical and mechanical properties of concrete. Composites Part B: Engineering. 61, 191-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.01.043 [11]Acikbas, G., Yaman, B., 2019. Wear response of glass fiber and ceramic tile-reinforced hybrid epoxy matrix composites. Iranian Polymer Journal. 28(1), 21-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-018-0675-9 [12]Yang, K.H., 2011. Tests on concrete reinforced with hybrid or monolithic steel and polyvinyl alcohol fibers. ACI Materials Journal. 108(6), 664. [13]Tabatabaeian, M., Khaloo, A., Joshaghani, A., et al., 2017. Experimental investigation on effects of hybrid fibers on rheological, mechanical, and durability properties of high-strength SCC. Construction and Building Materials. 147, 497-509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.181 [14]Kim, D.H., Park, C.G., 2013. Strength, permeability, and durability of hybrid fiber‐reinforced concrete containing styrene butadiene latex. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 129(3), 1499-1505. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.38861 [15]Ahlberg, S., Antonopulos, A., Diendorf, J., et al., 2014. PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. 5(1), 1944-1965. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.205 [16]Beaudoin, J.J., 1990. Handbook of fiber-reinforced concrete. Principles, properties, developments and applications. http://worldcat.org/isbn/0815512368. [17]Najm, H.M., Nanayakkara, O., Sabri, M.M.S., 2022. Destructive and Non-Destructive Evaluation of Fibre-Reinforced Concrete: A Comprehensive Study of Mechanical Properties. Materials. 15(13), 4432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134432 [18]Najm, H.M., Ahmad, S., Submitter, Y., 2021. Artificial Neural Networks for Evaluation & Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of Waste Ceramic Optimal Concrete Exposed to Elevated Temperature. Available at SSRN 4032028. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4032028 [19]Nanayakkara, O., Najm, H.M., Sabri, M.M.S., 2022. Effect of Using Steel Bar Reinforcement on Concrete Quality by Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Measurements. Materials. 15(13), 4565. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134565 [20]Najm, H.M., 2022. Utilisation of Hybrid Fibers for Sustainable Concrete Production -A Review of Mechanical Properties. International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing (Under Review). [21]IS 10262-, 2009. Indian Standard Concrete Mix Proportioning – Guidelines, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110002. [22]Mohammed, H., Ahmed, S., 2020. Mechanical Performance Evaluation of Concrete with Waste Coarse Ceramic Aggregate. Smart Cities—Opportunities and Challenges (pp. 593-605). Springer, Singapore. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2545-2_49 [23]Najm, H.M., Ahmad, S., 2022. The Use of Waste Ceramic Concrete for a Cleaner and Sustainable Environment-A Comprehensive Study of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties. Civil Engineering and Environmental Report. (In press). [24]Najm, H.M., Ahmad, S., 2021. Effect of elevated temperatures exposure on the mechanical properties of waste ceramic concrete reinforced with hybrid fibers materials. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences. (In press) [25]Siddique, R., Mehta, A., 2014. Effect of carbon nanotubes on properties of cement mortars. Construction and Building Materials. 50, 116-129. [26] Senff, L., Hotza, D., Repette, W.L., et al., 2010. Effect of nanosilica and microsilica on microstructure and hardened properties of cement pastes and mortars. Advances in Applied Ceramics. 109(2), 104- 110.