Effect of Dates and Methods of Sowing with and without Hydropriming on Growth, Phenology and Yield of Sorghum under Semi Arid Conditions of Eritrea

Updata:01-01-1970

Source:
By:Author(s)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jbr.v3i2.2933

Abstract:

A study was carried out at the research farm of Hamelmalo Agricultural College during summer 2015 to study the effect of dates and methods of sowing with and without hydro-priming on growth, development and yield of sorghum. The experiment consisted of 2 factors- three dates of sowing viz. D0 (Sowing before the onset of first summer rain, June 30), D1 (Sowing with the onset of first summer rains, July 7) and D2 (Sowing after the onset of summer rains, July 14) and three methods of sowing viz. SP (Direct sowing with hydro seed priming), TR (Transplanting) and DS (Direct sowing without hydro seed priming). The experiment was conducted in split plot design with 4 replications by keeping dates of sowing in the main plots and methods of sowing in the sub plots. The data on growth parameters, crop phenology, yield components and yield were recorded. The data were analysed using GENSTAT software and inferences were drawn by using LSD at 5% level of significance. Sowing methods significantly affected leaf area and leaf area index but sowing dates and their interaction with sowing methods did not show significant difference. Stand count, plant height, phenological parameters, thousand grain weight, grain and biomass yield were significantly affected by the sowing dates and methods but no significant difference in their interaction on all the parameters except in stand count and phenological parameters. Sowing before the onset of first summer rains (D0) resulted in significantly highest grain yield. Among the sowing methods, transplanting resulted in significantly higher grain yield seconded by direct sowing with hydro seed priming. Transplanting is less profitable and practicable as it is more laborious and difficult to apply in larger areas.

References:

[1] MoA. (2016), Annual report of sorghum production from 2013 to 2015. Ministry of Agriculture, Asmara, Eritrea. [2] MoA. (2015), Sorghum and pearl millet: Hamelmalo Sub Zoba- unpublished report,Ministry of Agriculture, Zoba Anseba. Hamelmalo, Eritrea. [3] Towned, J. Mtakwa, P. W. Mullins, C. E. and Simmonds, L. P. (1996), Soil Physical factors limiting establishment of sorghum and cowpea in two contrasting soil types in the semi-arid tropics. Soil Tillage Research 40: 89-106. [4] Harris, D. Joshi, A. Khan, P.A. Gothakar, P. and Sodhi, P. S. (1999), On-farm seed priming in semi-arid agriculture: Development and evaluation in corn, rice and chickpea in India using participatory methods. Experimental Agriculture 35:15-29. [5] Harris, D. (2006), Development and testing of “onfarm” seed priming. Advances in Agronomy 90: 129- 178. [6] Clark, L. E. (1997), Grain sorghum production in the Texas rolling plains. Texas A & M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Chillicothe-Vernon. Technical Report 97-1. In B. Diawara. 2012. Effect of sowing date on growth, development and yield of grain sorghum hybrids. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters of Science Degree. College of Agriculture. Department of Agronomy. Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas. Available at: http://krex.kstate.edu/dspace/bitstream [Accessed on August 12, 2015]. [7] Tabatabaei, S. A. (2013), Effect of salicylic acid and ascorbic acid on Germination indexes and enzyme activity of sorghum seeds under drought stress. Available at: https://www.jspb.ru/issues/2013/N4/JSPB_2013. [Accessed on December 28, 2015]. [8] Chivasa, W. Harris, D. and Nyamudeza, P. (2001), Determination of optimum on-farm seed priming time for maize (Zea mays L) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) for use to improve stand establishment in semi-arid agriculture. Tanzanian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3 (2): 103-112. [9] Bahar, H.A. Adam, K.I. and Mohammed Ali, S.A. (2015b), Performance of Some Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Varieties under Rain-Fed Condition at Zalingei Area, Sudan (Growth, Yield, Pests and Diseases). Available at:http://www.aiscience.org/journal/abs [Accessed on March 12, 2016]. [10] Bunck, J. H. (1977), Effect of sowing date on leaf number and total leaf area of hybrid grain sorghum. In B. Diawara. 2012. Effect of sowing dates on growth, development andyield of grain sorghum hybrids. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree Master of Science. College of Agriculture. Department of Agronomy.Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas. 2012. Available at: http://krex.kstate.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2097/1 [Accessed on July 24, 2015]. [11] Karhale, M. B. Jaybhaye, P. R. Asewar, B.V. Shinde, P.B. (2014), Effect of different sowing dates on Growth and Yield of Kharif Sorghum Hybrids. Available at: https://www.iosrjournals.org.[Accessed on November 10, 2015]. [12] Agbaje, G. O. and Olofintoye, J. A. (2002), Effect of Transplanting on yield and growth of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench). Technical notes. Available at:https://www.unilorin.edu.n. [Accessed on August 22, 2015]. [13] Hassanpouraghdam, M. B. Pardaz, J. E and Akhtar, N. F. (2009), The effect of osmo-priming on germination and seedling growth of Brassica napus L. under salinity conditions. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment 7: 620-622. [14] Khan, S., Anwar, K. Ullah, H. Gul, H. and Rehman, A. U. (2014), Phenology and tissue potassium concentration of sorghum as affected by various sources and levels of osmo priming. Science Park Research Journal 1 (25): 2321-8045. [15] Conley, S.P. and Wiebold, W. J. (2003), Grain sorghum response to sowing date.Online. Crop Management doi: https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2003-0204-01-RS. Available at:http://www.researchgate.net/publication/22871432 [Accessed on January 28, 2016]. [16] Murungu, F. S. Chiduza, C. Nyamugafata, P. Clark, L.J. and Whalley, W.R. (2004),Effects of “on-farm seed priming” on consecutive daily sowing occasions on the emergence and growth of maize in semi-arid Zimbabwe. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/ [Accessed on July 22, 2015]. [17] Young, E. M. and Mottran, A. (2003), Transplanting sorghum and millet as a means of increasing food security in upper East Region of Ghana. A project summary – Ghana, February 2003. Available at: https://www.bangor.ac.uk/tran [Accessed on August 16, 2015]. [18] Abdalla, E. A. Osman, A. K. Maki, M. A. Nur, F. M. Ali, S. B. and Aune, J. B. (2015),The response of sorghum, groundnut, sesame, and cowpea to seed priming and fertilizer micro-dosing in South Kordofan State, Sudan. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com2073-4395/5/4/476 [Accessed on August 22, 2015]. [19] Mahmood, A. (2012), Performance of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) as an Energy Crop for Biogas Production. A thesis submitted for the requirement of Doctoral Degree in Agriculture from Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Home Economics and Environmental Management Justus Liebig University Giessen,Germany. Available at: https://www.geb.uni-giessen.de/M. [Accessed on January 11,2016]. [20] Reddy, S.R. (2008), Principles of crop production. 3 rd edn. Kalayani publishers, New Delhi, India. [21] Diawara, B. (2012), Effect of sowing dates on growth, development and yield of grain sorghum hybrids. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree Master of Science. College of Agriculture. Department of Agronomy. Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas. 2012. Available at: http://krex.kstate.edu/dspace/[Accessed on June 14, 2015]. [22] Rao, S. S. Patil, J. V. Prasad, P. V. V. Reddy, D. C. S. Mishra, J. S. Umakanth, A. V.Reddy, B. V.S. and Kumar, A. A. (2013), Sweet Sorghum Sowing Effects on StalkYield and Sugar Quality in Semi-Arid Tropical Environment. Agronomy Journal 105(5):1458-1465 Available at: https://www.icrisat.org [Accessed on March 23, 2016]. [23] Assefa, D. Maru, B. Diress, T. and Mitiku, H. (2007), Transplanting Sorghum as a Means of Ensuring Food Security in Low Rainfall Sorghum Growing Areas of Northern Ethiopia. DCG Report No. 48 March 2007. Available at:https://www.agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do [Accessed on August 12, 2015]. [24] Ramamurthy, V. Gajbhiyek, S. Venugopalan, M. V. and Parhad, V. N. (2005), On-farm evaluation of seed priming technology in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Available at: https://www.agriculturaits.czu.cz. [Accessed on December 23, 2015]. [25] Harris, D. Pathan, A. K. Gothkar, P. Joshi A. Chivasa, W. and Nyamudeza, P. (2007),On-farm seed priming using participatory methods to revive and refine a key technology. Agricultural Systems 69:151-164. [26] Sankarpondian, R. Krishnadas, D. Muppidathi, N. and Chidambaram, S. (1993), Variability studies in grain sorghum for certain physiological characters under water stress condition. Crop Improvement 20:45-50. [27] Ezeaku, I. E. and Mohammed, S.G. (2005), Character association and path analysis in grain sorghum. Available at: https://www.ajol.info. [Accessed on April 10, 2016]. [28] Arunah, U.L. Chiezey, U. F. Aliyu, L. and Ahmed, A. (2015), Correlation and Path Analysis between Sorghum Yield to Growth and Yield Characters. Available at: https://www.iiste.org [Accessed on Aprile 6, 2016]. [29] Sarvari, S. M. and Beheshti, S. A. (2012), Relationship between Grain Yield and Plant Characteristics in Grain Sorghum Genotypes under Drought Stress Conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 14(2):183-201.Available at: https://www.en.journals.sid.ir/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=31. [Accessed on April 20, 2016].

Tags: