Analysing the Influencing Factors of a Postgenetic Subsidence Doline’s Development Using Model Experiments

Updata:01-01-1970

Source:
By:Szilárd Vetési-Foith

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v2i1.1988

Abstract:
The subsidence dolines are the most common surface forms of the concealed karsts. One type of these dolines is the suffosion doline. In this model experiment the influential role of these kind of dolines’ development factors were analyzed. The aim of the study was to determine the significance of the parameters (cover thickness, secondary porosity of the bedrock, chimney diameter, grain size) that influence the development of a suffosion doline. To study the influencing factors numerous (162) experiments were made with different parameters, in a manner that during the experiments we changed only one parameter, so the effects of it would be detectable from the final solution. These measurements were made with
the use of a special tool, designed and built for this purpose. According
to the data we gained from the model experiments, the development of a
suffosion doline is influenced by many parameters. If these parameters are
in an optimal connection to each other, a suffosion doline may appear on
the surface. Knowing these parameters of the covered karstic depressions
lets us estimate other parameters that may influence the development of
the subsidence dolines.
References:

[1] Curl, R. L. Scallops and flutes. Transactions Cave Research Group Great Britain, 1966, 7: 121-160. [2] Quinif, Y. Contribution a l’étude morpholoqique des coupoles. Annales de spéléologie, 1973, 28(4):565-573. [3] Fabre, G., Nicod, J. Lapiates, methods and role of corrosion, crypto-karst - Phenomen karst 3,Memoirs and documents of geography, 1982, 3: 115-131. (in French) [4] Glew, J. R., Ford, D. C. Simulation study of the developement of rillenkarren. Earth Surf. Proc.,1980, 5:25-36. [5] Dzulinsky, S., Gil, E., Rudnicki, J. Experiments on kluftkarren and related lapis forms. Z.Geomorphology, 1988, 32 (1): 1-16. [6] Veress, M., Pidl, K., Mantler, M. The modelling of the karstification of gypsum under laboratory circumstances. Scientific Publications of the Berzsenyi Teacher Training College in Szombathely 11.Natural Sciences, 1998, 6: 147-166. (in Hungarian) [7] Veress, M., Péntek, K. Theoretical model of surface karstic processes. 30/5000, Journal of Geomorphology, 1996, 40(4): 461-476. (in Hungarian) [8] Deák, Gy., Szemes, M., Veress, M. Water movements of the plaster cover on physical analogue models.Karst Development, 2015, 20: 215-229. (in Hungarian) [9] Deák, Gy., Péntek, K., Füzesi, I., Vetési-Foith, Sz.,Veress M. Modeling of the debris zone that developed during karstification. Karst Development, 2017,22: 61-75. (in Hungarian) [10] Deák, Gy., Vetési-Foith, Sz., Péntek, K. Examination of the relationship between the depth of saturated water level and the karstic surface development by model experiments. Karst Development,2018, 23:31-43. (in Hungarian) [11] Veress, M., Gárdonyi, I., Deák, Gy. The study of covered karstification on a gypsum plate with cover.Karst Development, 2014, 19: 159-171. (in Hungarian) [12] Vetési-Foith, Sz. Examination of the subsidence dolines’s with the use of model experiments.Karst Development, 2018, 23: 85-93. (in Hungarian) [13] Arevalo, R., Zirugiel, I. Clogging of granular materials in silos: effect of gravity and outlet size.Soft Matter, 2015, 12: 123-130.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C5SM01599E [15] He, K., Liu, C., Wang, S. Karst collapse related to over-pumping and a criterion for its stability. Environ Geol, 2003, 43: 720-724. [15] Sweeting, M. M. Karst Landforms. Columbia University Press, New York, 1973. [16] Waltham, T., Bell, F., Culshaw, M. Sinkholes and Subsidence. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg, 2005. [17] Currens, J. C., Paylor, R. L., Beck, E. G., Davidson,B. A method to determine cover-collapse frequency in the Western Pennyroyal karst of Kentucky. J Cave Karst Stud, 2012, 74(3): 292-299. [18] Veress, M. Covered karsts. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg, 2016. [19] Waltham, A. C., Fookes, P. G. Engineering classification of karst ground conditions. Quarterly Journal Engineering Geology Hydrogeology, 2003, 36: 101-118. [20] Williams, P. W. Dolines. In: Gunn, J. (Eds.): Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science. Taylor and Fitzroy Dearborn, London, New York, 2004: 304-310. [21] Upchurch, S., Scott, T. M., Alfieri, M. C., Fratesi,B., Dobecki, T.L. Epigene and Hypogene Karst.The Karst Systems of Florida Cham, Springer, 2019: 359-441. [22] Chen, J., Beck, B. F. Qualitative modelling of the cover-collapse process. In: Beck, B. F. (Eds.):Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Sinkholes and Karst, Balkema: Rotterdam, 1989:98-95. [23] Benson, R. C., Kaufmann, R. D. Characterization of a highway sinkhole within the gypsum karst of Michigan. In: Beck, B. F., Herring, J. G., (Eds.): Geotechnical and environmental applications of karst geology and hydrology. Balkema, Lisse, 2001: 103-112. [24] Crawford, N. C. Environmental problems associated with urban development upon karst, Bowling Green,Kentucky. In: Beck, B. F., Herring, J. G. (Eds.): Geotechnical and Environmental Applications of Karst Geology and Hydrology, Balkema: Lisse, 2001: 397-424. [25] Klimchouk, A., Andrejchuk, V. Karst breakdown mechanisms from observations in the gypsum caves of the Western Ukraine: implications for subsidence hazard assessment. Int. Speleol., 2003,31(1/4): 55-88. [26] Hyatt, J. A., Wilson, R., Givens, J. S., Jacobs, P. M.Topographic, geologic and hydrogeologic controls on dimension and locations of sinkholes in thick covered karst, Lowndes Country, Georgia. In:Beck, B. F.,Herring, J. G. (Eds.): Geotechnical and Environmental Applications of Karst Geology and Hydrology,Balkema, Lisse, 2001: 37-45.

Tags: