Microbial Communities in Water during Red Tides along the Coast of China-A Case Study of Prorocentrum Donghaiense Red Tide in the East China Sea

Source:
By:Author(s)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jms.v3i1.2622

Abstract:

Red tides are a major public hazard in the global oceans. The coast of the East China Sea is the sea area where red tide disasters are the most frequent and serious in China. In order to accurately grasp the occurrence of red tides in the coastal waters of the East China Sea, and to understand the microbial communities in the waters during the occurrence of red tides in the East China Sea, a special survey of red tides in the coastal waters of Zhejiang, China was carried out in June 2018. The results showed that nutrient concentrations of N and P were generally high in this area, DIN concentrations in most areas exceeded the permitted limit of Chinese seawater quality grade I. There were significant differences in dissolved oxygen, pH, COD, chlorophyll and phytoplankton abundance of red tides. During the investigation, red tides were found in the waters near the Yushan Islands. The content of chlorophyll a was 42.12mg/m3, the cell abundance of phytoplankton was 8.16×108/L, and the abundance of Prorocentrum edulis accounted for 98.5%. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used for 16s high-throughput sequencing of water microorganisms, and a total of 16 bacteria were identified. Proteobacteria is the first dominant phylum, followed by Cyanobacteria and Bacteroides. Some differences in bacterial community compositions between HAB and the nearby seawater were observed. The predominant bacteria in the red tide occurrence area were Proteobacteria, comprising 46.1% of the relative abundance; while the predominant bacteria in the nearby sea area, comprising 42.0% of the relative abundance.

References:

[1]Mingjiang Zhou, Mingyuan Zhu, Jing Zhang. The trend and research progress of red tides in China[J]. Life Science, 2001(02): 54-59+53. (in Chinese) [2]Xiurong Han, Xiulin Wang, Xia Sun, et al. A preliminary study on the distribution characteristics of nutrients in the coastal waters of the East China Sea and their relationship with red tides[J]. The Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003(07): 1097-1101. (in Chinese) [3]Jinhui Wang. Red tide organisms in the waters adjacent to the Yangtze River Estuary[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2002(02): 37-41. [4]Ping Xia, Douding Lu, Wei Du, et al. The trend and characteristics of red tide occurrence in Zhejiang coastal waters[J]. Journal of Oceanography, 2007(02): 47-56. (in Chinese) [5]Mingjiang Zhou, Mingyuan Zhu. Study on the ecology and oceanography mechanism of harmful red tides in the coastal waters of China and their prediction and prevention[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003(07): 1029. (in Chinese) [6]Doucette G J, Trick C G. Characterization of bacteria associated with different isolates of Alexandrium tamarense[A]. Lassus P, Arzul G, Erard E , et al. Harmful Marine Algal Blooms[C]. Paris: Lavoisier Science Publ, 1995. 33-38. [7]Sawayama S, Sako Y. Bacterial inhibitions for the mating reaction of Alexandium catenella (Dinophyceae)[A]. Smayda T L, Shimizu Y. Toxic Phytoplankton blooms in the Sea[C]. BV, Amsterdam: Elsevier Sci Publ, 1993. 177-181. [8]Arakaki A, Shibusa M, Hosokawa M, et al. Preparation of genomic DNA from a single species of uncultured magnetotactic bacterium by multiple-displacement amplification[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2010, 76(5): 1480-1485. [9]Gans J, Wolinsky M, Dunbar J. 2005. Computational improvements reveal great bacterial diversity and high metal toxicity in soil. Science, 309(5739):1378- 1390. [10]Venter J C, Remington K, Heidelberg J F et al. 2004.Environmental genome shotgun sequencing of the Sargasso sea[J]. Science, 304(5667): 66-74. [11]Bei Huang, Junbo Shao, Bin Zhou, et al. The microbial community in the sediments of Jiaojiang Estuary and its response to environmental factors[J]. China Environmental Monitoring, 2017, 33(06): 87-94. (in Chinese) [12]National Environmental Protection Agency. GB3097- 1997 Sea Water Quality Standard[S]. Beijing: National Environmental Protection Agency, 1997. (in Chinese) [13]Bei Huang, Junbo Shao, Jieyu Wang, et al. Bacteriological study on the occurrence of red tides in the East China Sea[J]. Journal of Water Ecology, 2013, 34(06): 47-51. (in Chinese) [14]Jian Wang, Zhaohui Wang, Yijun Xiong. Study on the cultivable inter-algal bacteria of G. striata in different periods[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014, 34(06): 1540-1547. (in Chinese) [15]Hong Chang, Bo Wang, Mimi Yao. Study on the changes of bacterial community structure during the red tide of S. conifer in Shenzhen Dapeng Bay[J]. Progress in Modern Biomedicine, 2014, 14(10): 1801-1807. (in Chinese) [16]Hye-Eun Kang, Tae-Ho Yoon, Sunyoung Yoon, et al. Genomic analysis of red-tide water bloomed with Heterosigma akashiwo in Geoje[J]. PeerJ.4854,2018, DOI 10.7717/peerj.4854 2/25. [17]Yuexia Zhang, Jun Yu, Zhibing Jiang, et al. Variations of summer phytoplankton community related to environmental factors in a macro-tidal estuarine embayment, Hangzhou Bay, China[J]. Journal of Ocean University of China, 2015 14 (6): 1025-1033. [18]Zhibing Jiang, Xuyu Zhu, Yu Gao, et al. Spatio-temporal distribution of net-collected phytoplankton community and its response to marine exploitation in Xiangshan Bay[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology&Limnology, 2013. [19]Karl, D.M.. Microbially mediated transformations of phosphorus in the sea: new views of an old cycle. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 2014, 6: 279-337. [20] Lin, S., Litaker, R.W., Sunda, W.G. Phosphorus physiological ecology and molecular mechanisms in marine phytoplankton. J. Phycol., 2016, 52(1), 10- 36. [21] Glibert, P.M., Al-Azri, A., Icarus Allen, J., Bouwman, A.F., Beusen, A.H.W., Burford, M.A.,Harrison, P.J., Zhou, M.. Key Questions and Recent Research Advances on Harmful Algal Blooms in Relation to Nutrients and Eutrophication. Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms, 2018: 229- 259. [22] Yin, K., Harrison, P.J. Nitrogen over enrichment in subtropical Pearl River estuarine coastal waters: possible causes and consequences. Cont. Shelf Res., 2008, 28(12): 1435-1442.