Understanding Antecedents of Civic Engagement in the Age of Social Media: From the Perspective of Efficacy Beliefs

Source:
By:Siyoung Chung, KyuJin Shim

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v2i3.1839

Abstract:

This study examines three efficacy beliefs-political self-efficacy, political collective efficacy, and knowledge sharing efficacy-as antecedents of social media use and civic engagement. Employing more than one thousand samples in Singapore, we empirically test (a) a conceptual framework that can provide an understanding of the relationship between the three types of efficacy and civic engagement and (b) the underlying mechanism through which the three types of efficacy beliefs affect civic engagement via social media. The findings suggest that knowledge sharing efficacy was found to play an important role in mediating the relationships between social media use and political self-efficacy, political collective efficacy, respectively, which, in turn, influences the social media use.

References:

[1]Isaac, M. Inside Uber’s aggressive, unrestrained workplace culture. The New York Times, 2017. Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/22/technology/uberworkplace-culture. [2]Marinova, P. 2017. Retrieved from https://fortune.com/2017/02/21/delete-uber-twitter/ [3]Morse, J. 2017. Retrieved from https://mashable.com/2017/02/22/uber-message-when-delete-accountsusan-fowler-blog-post/ [4]Netzley, M. A., Gidantrai B.D., Wong, D. Y. M., Tan, W. U.L., Hee, Y. J. Starbucks in Forbidden City. Singapore: Singapore Management University, 2011. Retrieved from: http://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cases_coll_all/7/ [5]Mackey, R. Indian Rapper Calls Out Unilever to a Nicki Minaj Beat, 2015. Retrieved April 29, 2017, from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/01/world/asia/indian-rapper-calls-out-unilever-to-a-nicki-minaj-beat [6]Gil de Zúñiga, H., Molyneux, L., Zheng, P. Social media, political expression, and political participation: Panel analysis of lagged and concurrent relationships. Journal of Communication, 2014, 64(4): 612-634. [7]Eveland Jr, W. P. and Scheufele, D. A. Connecting news media use with gaps in knowledge and participation. Political Communication, 2000, 17(3): 215-237. [8]Shen, F., Wang, N., Guo, Z., Guo, L. Online network size, efficacy, and opinion expression: Assessing the impacts of Internet use in China. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 2009, 21(4): 451-476. [9]Easton, D., Dennis, J. The child’s acquisition of regime norms: political efficacy”, The American Political Science Review, 1967, 61: 25-38. [10]Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., Brady, H. E. Voice and equality: Civic volunteerism in American politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995. [11]Bandura, A. Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: Freeman, 1997. [12]Harris, Joseph P. The Voter Decides. By Angus Campbell, Gerald Gurin and Warren E. Miller. (Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson and Co.1954. Pp. xiii, 242. $4.75), American Political Science Review, 1955, 49(1): 225-228. [13]https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2011/09/occupy-wall-street/100159/ [14]http://www.alsa.org/fight-als/ice-bucket-challenge.html [15]Kalman, M. E., Monge, P., Fulk, J., Heino, R. Motivations to resolve communication dilemmas in database-mediated collaboration. Communication Research, 2002, 29(2): 125-154. [16]Lin, H. F. Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on employee knowledge sharing intentions”, Journal of Information Science, 2007, 33(2): 135-149. [17]Gil de Zúñiga, H., Copeland, L., Bimber, B. Political consumerism: Civic engagement and the social media connection. New Media & Society, 2013, 16(3): 488-506. [18]Kwak, H., Lee, C., Park, H., Moon, S. What is Twitter, a social network or a news media?. In Proceedings of the 19th International conference on World Wide Web, ACM, 2010: 591-600. [19]Fenton, N., Barassi, V. Alternative media and social networking sites: The politics of individuation and political participation. The Communication Review, 2011, 14(3): 179-196. [20]Hampton KN, Lee CJ, Her EJ. How new media affords network diversity: Direct and mediated access to social capital through participation in local social settings. New Media & Society, 2011, 13(7): 1031- 49. [21]Pingree, R. J. How messages affect their senders: A more general model of message effects and implications for deliberation. Communication Theory, 2007, 17(4): 439–461. [22]Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., Lampe, C. The benefits of Facebook “friends”: Social capital and college students use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 2007, 12(4): 1143–1168. [23]Park, N., Kee, K. F., Valenzuela, S. Being immersed in social networking environment: Facebook groups, uses and gratifications, and social outcomes”, CyberPsychology & Behavior, 2009, 12(6): 729-733. [24]Valenzuela, S., Park, N., Kee, K. F. Is there social capital in a social network site? Facebook use and college students’ life satisfaction, trust, and participation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 2009, 14: 875–901. [25]Pearce, K. E., Kendzior, S. Networked authoritarianism and social media in Azerbaijan. Journal of Communication, 2012, 62: 283-298. [26]Valenzuela, S., Arriagada, A., Scherman, A. The social media basis of youth protest behavior: The case of Chile. Journal of Communication, 2012, 62: 299- 314. [27]Valenzuela, S. Unpacking the use of social media for protest behavior: The roles of information, opinionexpression, and activism. American Behavioral Scientist, 2013, 57(7): 920-942, [28]Velasquez, A., LaRose, R. Youth collective activism through social media: The role of collective efficacy. New Media & Society, 2015, 17(6): 899-918. [29]Bimber, B., Coperland, L. Digital media and traditional political participation over time in the U.S.. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 2013, 9(4): 352-369. [30]Kim, Y., Hsu, S.-H., Gil de Zúñiga, H. Influence of social media use on discussion network heterogeneity and civic engagement: the moderating role of personality traits. Journal of Communication, 2013, 63: 498-516. [31]Gil de Zúñiga, H., Jung, N., Valenzuela, S. Social media use for news and individuals’ social capital, civic engagement and political participation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 2012, 17: 319-336. [32]Shirky, C. Here Comes Everybody: The power of organizing without organizations. New York: Penguin,2008. [33]Holden, G. The relationship of self-efficacy appraisal to subsequent health-related outcomes: A meta-analysis. Social Work in Health Care, 1991, 16: 53–93. [34]Stajkovic, A. D., Luthans, F. Self-efficacy and work-related performance: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 1998, 124(2): 240-261. [35]Brunsting, S., Postmes, T. Social movement participation in the digital age: Predicting offline and online collective action. Small Group Research, 2002, 33(5): 525-554. [36]Niemi, R. G., Craig, S. C., Mattei, F. Measuring internal political efficacy in the 1988 National Election Study. American Political Science Review, 1991, 85(04): 1407-1413. [37]Delli Carpini MX. Gen. com: Youth. Civic engagement, and the new information environment. Political communication. 2000, 17(4): 341-349. [38]Hoffman, L. H., Thomson, T. L. The effect of television viewing on adolescents’ civic participation: Political efficacy as a mediating mechanism. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 2009, 53(1): 3-21. [39]Hope, E. C. Preparing to participate: The role of youth social responsibility and political efficacy on civic engagement for black early adolescents. Child Indicators Research, 2016, 9(3): 609-630. [40]Kahne, J., Westheimer, J. The limits of political efficacy: Educating citizens for a democratic society. Political Science and Politics, 2006, 39(2): 289-296. [41]Mullen, B., Copper, C. The relation between group cohesiveness and performance: Integration. Psychological Bulletin, 1994, 115 (2): 210-227. [42]Sampson RJ, Raudenbush SW, Earls F. Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 1997, 15, 277(5328): 918- 24. [43]Yeich, S., Levine, R. Political efficacy: Enhancing the construct and its relationship to mobilization of people. Journal of Community Psychology, 1994, 22(3): 259-271. [44]Browning, C. R. The span of collective efficacy: Extending social disorganization theory to partner violence. Journal of Marriage and Family, 2002, 64(4): 833-850. [45]Skrabski, Á., Kopp, M., Kawachi, I. Social capital in a changing society: cross sectional associations with middle aged female and male mortality rates. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2003, 57(2): 114-119. [46]Burdette, H. L., Wadden, T. A., Whitaker, R. C. Neighborhood safety, collective efficacy, and obesity in women with young children. Obesity, 2006, 14(3): 518-525. [47]Zimmerman, B. J., Bandura, A., Martinez-Pons, M. Self-motivation for academic attainment: The role of self-efficacy beliefs and personal goal setting. American Educational Research Journal, 1992, 29(3): 663- 676. [48]Aslam, S. Facebook by the Numbers: Stats, Demographics & Fun Facts. Omnicore, 2018. Retrieved from: http://www.omnicoreagency.com/facebook-statistics/ [49]Kenski, K., Stroud, N. J.. Connections between Internet use and political efficacy, knowledge, and participation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 2006, 50(2): 173-192. [50]Hayes, R. A. New media, new politics: Political learning efficacy and the examination of uses of social network sites for political engagement. Available from ABI/INFORM Collection; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (304952463), 2009. Retrieved from: http://libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/docview/304952463?accountid=13876 [51]Tamjidyamcholo, A., Baba, M. S. B., Tamjid, H., Gholipour, R. Information security–Professional perceptions of knowledge-sharing intention under self-efficacy, trust, reciprocity, and shared-language. Computers & Education, 2013, 68: 223-232. [52]Van Acker, F., Vermeulen, M., Kreijns, K., Lutgerink, J., van Buuren, H. The role of knowledge sharing self-efficacy in sharing open educational resources. Computers in Human Behavior, 2014, 39: 136- 144. [53]Cho, H., Chen, M., Chung, S. Testing an integrative theoretical model of knowledge-sharing behavior in the context of Wikipedia. Journal of Association for Information Science and Technology, 2010, 61(6): 1198-1212. [54]Ardichvili, A., Maurer, M., Li, W., Wentling, T., Stuedemann, R. Cultural influences on knowledge sharing through online communities of practice. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2006, 10(1): 94-107. [55]Usoro A, Sharratt MW, Tsui E, Shekhar S. Trust as an antecedent to knowledge sharing in virtual communities of practice. Knowledge Management Research & Practice. 2007, 5(3): 199-212. [56]https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/population/population2016.pdf [57]Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore. Annual Survey on Infocomm Usage in Households and By Individuals for 2014, 2015. Retrieved from https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/Imda/Files/Inner/Infocomm-Landscape/Facts-and-Figures/SurveyReports/2014/2014-HH-public-report-final.pdf?la=en. [58] Duggan, M., and Smith, A. The Political Environment on Social Media. 2016. Retrieved April 01, 2017, from http://www.pewinternet.org/2016/10/25/the-political-environment-on-social-media/