Response of Broiler Birds to Choline Chloride in Semi Arid Sokoto, Nigeria

Source:
By:Abdullahi A. U., Aliyu S., Fauziyya I., Bello A., Jafaru Y.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jzr.v1i2.1495

Abstract:

A study was carried out to evaluate growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler birds fed with varying level of choline inclusion in their diets; T₁ (control), T₂ (10g/10kg) and T₃ (20g/10kg). A total of 225 marshall broiler chicks were randomly divided into three (3) treatment group of 75 birds each. Each group was divided into five (5) replicates of fifteen (15) birds each laid in a completely randomized design. Feed and water was supplied ad-libitum and the experiment lasted for 49 days. The total feed intake (1316.75-14442.18) (24437.13-31999.76) for starter and finisher respectively, body weight gain (6227.30-8241.20) (10956.64-14182.96) for starter and finisher respectively, feed conversion ratio (1.73-2.26) (2.21-2.48) for starter and finisher respectively. Many (thigh, wings, back) of the carcass parameters measured were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by the treatments but significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in drum stick, breast and neck.  However, significant difference (p<0.05) was also observed in gizzard, liver and bile, heart, lungs, legs and head. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in primal cuts per live weight, primal cuts per dressed weight, organs per live weight and organs per dressed weight. In view of the results obtained, it can be concluded that treatment two (10g/10kg) performed better in terms of total body weight (TBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Also in the carcass characteristics, treatment two performed better in terms of breast yield, drumstick, percentage of primal cuts from live weight (P/LW) and percentage of primal cuts from dressed weight.

References:

[1] Adenaike, A.S., U., Akpan, J.E., Udoh, M., Wheto, S.O., Durosaro, A.J., Sanda, C.O.N., Ikeobi. Comparative Evaluation of Growth Functions in Three Broiler Strains of Nigerian Chickens. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 2017, 40(4): 611-620. [2] Alagawany, M., M., El-Hindawy, A., Attia, M., Farag, M.A., El-Hack.Influence of Dietary Choline Levels on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics ofGrowing Japanese Quail. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2015, 3(2): 109-115. [3] Baranova, G.. Choline in Diets for Broiler Chickens. Ptitsevodstvo, 1991, 9: 15 -17. [4] Biswas, S., S., Giri. Importance of Choline as an Essential Nutrient and Its Role in the Prevention of Various Toxicities. Prague Medical Report, 2015, 116: 5. [5] Blair, M.E., L.M., Potter, B., Bliss, J.R., Shelton.Methionine, Choline and Sulphate Supplementationof Practical Type Diets for Young Turkey.Journal of PoultryScience, 1986, 65(1): 130 -137. [6] Chaudhari, K.I., D.C., Prajapati, P.M., Lunagariya, K.K., Sorathiya,S.N., Patel, R.P., Patel and A.L., Nayak. An Importance of Choline Chloride for Poultry and Cattle: An Overview. International Journal of Science and Technology, 2017, 6(5): 2804-2810. [7] Corbin, K.D., S.H., Zeisel. Choline Metabolism Provides Novel Insights into Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and its Progression. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 2012, 28: 159. DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e32834e7b4b [8] Gholami, J., A.A.A., Qotbi, A., Seidavi, A., Meluzzi, S., Tavaniello, G., Maiorano. Effects of Administration of Betaine and Choline on Hatchability Results, Growth and Carcass Characteristics and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2015, 14. DOI: org/10.4081/ijas.2015.3694 [9] Harms, R.H., R.D., Miles. Effect of SupplementalMethionine and Potassium Sulfate on the CholineRequirement of the Turkey poultry. Journal of Poultry Science, 1984, 63(7): 1464-1466. [10] Hassan, R.A., Y.A., Attia, E.H., El-Ganzory.Growth, Carcass Quality and Serum Constituentsof Slow Growing Chicks as Affected by BetaineAddition to Diets Containing 1. Different Levelsof Choline. International Journal of Poultry Science, 2005, 4(11): 840-850. [11] Hossain, M.E., G.B., Das, M.M., Hasan, A.H., Shaikat, A.S.M., Bari. The Effect of Choline Chloride Supplementation on Performance Parameters and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 2014, 4(2): 373-378. [12] Huang, Z., J., Rui,X., Li, X., Meng, Q., Liu. Use of 11C-Choline Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography to Investigate the Mechanism of Choline Metabolism in Lung Cancer. Molecular Medicine Reports, 2015, 11: 3285–3290. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3200 [13] Igono, M.O., Y.O., Aliu. Environmental Profile and Milk Production of Friesian-Zebu Crosses in Nigerian Guinea Savannah. International journal of Biometeorol, 1982, 26: 115-120. [14] Igwe, I.R., C.J., Okonkwo, U.G., Uzoukwu, C.O., Onyenegecha. The Effect ofCholine Chloride on the Performance of Broiler Chickens. Annual Research and Review inBiology, 2015, 8(3): 1-8. [15] Jiang, X., A.A., West, M.A., Caudill. Maternal Choline Supplementation: A Nutritional Approach for Improving Offspring Health. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2014, 25: 263-73. DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.02.001 [16] Khosravinia, H., P.S., Chethen, B., Ukmakantha, R., Nourmohamadi. Effects of Lipotropic Products on Productive Performance, Liver Lipid and Enzymes Activity in Broiler Chickens. Poultry Science Journal, 2015, 3: 113-120 [17] Kim, Y.I., J.W., Miller,K.A., Costa, M., Nadeau, D., Smith, J., Selhub, S.H., Zeisel, J.B., Mason. Severe Folate Deficiency Causes Secondary Depletion of Choline and Phosphocholine in Rat Liver. Journal of Nutrition, 1994, 124: 2197. [18] McDonald, P., R., Edward, C.A., Morgan, J.F.D., Greenhalgh. Animal Nutrition. Sixth Edition. Published by Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Noida, India, 2011. [19] Nigeria Population Commission (NPC). Projected figures. Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2012. [20] NRC. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry, 9th Revised Edition. Subcommittee on Poultry Nutrition, National Research Council.National Academy Press Washington D.C. United States of America, 1994. [21] Oladele, S.B., S., Ogundipe, J.O., Ayo, K.A.N., Esievo. Effects of Season and Sex on Packed Cell Volume, Haemoglobin and Total Proteins Indigenous Pigeons in Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Veterinary Archive, 2001, 71: 277-286. [22] Pesti, G.M.. The Nutrition of Labile Methyl Group Donors in Broiler Chickens. Pages 145-150 in: Proceedings of the Maryland Nutrition Conference, College Park, MD, 1989. [23] Pesti, G.M., A.E., Harper, M.L., Sunde. Choline/Methionine Nutrition of Starting Broiler Chicks. Three Models for Estimating the Choline Requirement with Economic Considerations. Poultry Science, 1980, 59: 1073-1081. DOI:org/10.3382/ps.0591073 [24] Rama Rao, S.V., G.S., Sunder, M.R., Reddy, N.K., Praharaj, M.V., Raju, A.K., Panda. Effect of Supplementary Choline on the Performance of Broiler Breeders Fed on Different Energy Sources. British Poultry Science, 2001, 42:362. DOI:10.1080/00071660120055340 [25] Ross R.G., S.K., Hunter, L., Mccarthy, J., Beuler, A.K., Hutchison, B.D., Wagner. Perinatal Choline Effects on Neonatal Pathophysiology Related to Later Schizophrenia Risk. American Journal of Psychiatry, 2013, 170: 290-298. [26] Shrivastav, A.K., B.B., Dash, T.S., Johri. Effect ofDietary Levels of Choline in Relation to Sulphur AminoAcid for Growth and Immune Response in Quail Broilers. Indian Journal of poultry Science, 2004, 39(1): 9-14. [27] Sokoto State Government (SOSG). Ministry of Information, Sokoto, Nigeria. Diary, 2012: 12. [28] Sonbol, S.M.. Interrelationship betweenMethionine and Choline Levels on the BroilerPerformance and Blood Constituents. Egypt Journal of AppliedScience, 1990, 5(1): 209-219. [29] Summers, D.J.. Effect of Choline or BetaineSupplementation on Broilers Exposed to DifferentTemperature Treatments. Thesis Master of Science,The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2013.