Consequences of Direct Transfer to Fresh Water on the Blood Variables of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Rüppell, 1852)

Source:
By:Akinrotimi O.A, Okenwa U., Edun O.M.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jfsr.v3i2.3742

Abstract: Alterations in blood variables of Sarotherodon melanotheron transmitted immediately from brackish water (salinity 13.71‰) to fresh water (salinity 0.12‰) were examined to evaluate the consequence of abrupt alterations in the environment on fish blood parameters. The results acquired revealed that significant reduction (p < 0.05) in mean values of Haemoglobin (Hb) from 7.37±1.22 to 4.30±0.82dl-1; Packed Cell Volume (PCV) 23.48±3.22 to 15.08±2.97%; Red Blood Cell (RBC) 5.99±0.72 to 3.31±0.77 Cells x106 ; Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) 31.68±3.66 to 28.48±2.03 pg; and Platelets (PLT) 195.44±16.77 to 138.99±9.05 103 uL-1. However, notable elevation was recorded in the values of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) from 4.89±0.16 to 10.58±1.48 mm/ hr; White Blood Cell (WBC) 27.03±2.96 to 33.09±3.72 x 109 L-1; Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) 39.33±3.07 to 45.88±7.03 fL Neutrophils (NEUT) 41.71±3.08 to 48.30±7.99%; Lymphocytes (LYMP) 54.60±3.99 to 46.36±9.87% and Monocytes (MON) 3.80±1.04 to 5.97±1.99%. These variations in the blood parameters were more perceptible in adult than juvenile fish. Results from this study consequently imply that direct transfer of fish to a region of lower salinity may have damaging effect on the physiology of S. melanotheron as observed in this study. References:

[1] Akinrotimi; O.A; O.M.G Abu; E.J Ansa; O.M Edun and O.S George (2009). Haematological responses of Tilapra guineensis to acute stress. Int J. Nat Appl. Sci 5(47):338-343. [2] Akinrotimi; O.A; Gabriel, U.U; Owhonda, K.N; Onunkwo, D.N; Anyanwu P.E; J.Y Opara and Cliffe, P.T (2007 a). Formulating an environmentally friendly fish feed for sustainable aquaculture development in Nigeria Agric J. 2(5): 606-612. [3] Lemarie,G;Baroiller,J.F;Clota F;Lazand,J and Dosdat,A (2004).A simple test to estmate the salinity resistance of fish with specific application to Oreuchromis mloticus and S. melanotherus. Aquaculture 240: 575-587. [4] Alkalem, Ito; 2. Ahmed; A. S. AI-Akel and M. J. K. Shamusi; (1998). Toxicity bio assay and changes in hematological parameters of Oreochromis niloticus induced by Trichlorfor. Arab. Gulf. J. Sci Res.16:581-593. [5] Pickeering, A.D (1993). Growth and stress in fish production. Aquaculture 111: 51-63. [6] Akinrotimi; O.A; Ansa, E J; Owhonda, K.N; Onumkwo D.N; Anyenwo, P.E; Edun, O.M; Opara, J.Y and Chffe, P.T (2007b). Effects of transportation stress on hematological parameters of block chin tilapia Surotherodon Melanotheron. J. Anim. Vet Adv. 6(7): 841-845. [7] Snieszko, S.F (1960). Micro haematocrit as a tool in fishery research and management Spec. Scient. Rep. US Fish and wild seru. 341: 1-20. [8] Brown, B. A (1980). Haematology. Principle and procedure. Lea and Fabirger, Philadelphia. (3rd Edn).356pp. [9] Miale, J.B (1982). Laboratory medicine heamatology (6th Edition) the C.V Mosby, Co. London 883pp. [10] Seiverd, C.E (1983). Haeratology for medical technologist. (fifth edirion). Lea and Febiger, 600 Washington square Philadelphia, PA 19106, U.S.A. 946pp. [11] Anderson, D and G. W Klonl 2(1965). Basic hematology for the fish culturist. Ann Nurthw. Fish. Cult. Conf. 16:38-41. [12] Hrubec. T.C; J.L Cardinal and plasma chemistry reference intervals for culture tilapia. Vet. Clin. Path. 29: 7-12. [13] SAS Institute Inc. (1999). SAS statistic. Users guide Version 8 for windows. SAS Institute; SAS campus drive carry North Caroline, U.S.A. [14] Martins, L.M; Nomura, T.D; and Yamaguehi; D.M (2004). Physiological and haematological response of Oreuchromis niloticus exposit to single and consecutive stress of capture. Acta. Mar 26(4): 449-456. [15] Gomes, L.C; kesus; M.J and Garnes, J (2003). Effect of fish density during transportation on stress and mortality of juvenile tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. J. world Aquac. Soc. 34(1): 76-34. [16] Akinrotimi;O.A;Gabriel,U.U;Anyanwu, P.E and A.O Anyanwu (2007c). Influence of sex, acclimation methods and period on haematology of Sarotherodon Melanotheron Res. J. Biol. Sci; 2(3): 348-352. [17] Luskova, V (1996). Annual cycles and normal values of haeratological parameters in Fishes. Acta. Sci. Nat Brno. 31(5):70-76. [18] Gbore, F.A; O.Oginni; A.M Adewole and J.O Aladetan (2006). The effect of transportation and handling stress on hematology and plasma biochemistry in fingerlinye of Clarias garipines and Tilapia zilli. World J. Agric. Sci. 2(2): 208-212. [19] Gabriel, U.U; P.E Anyenwu and A.O Akinrotimi (2007a). Effect of fresh water challenge on the blood characteristics of Sarotherodon Melanotheron. Agric Journal 2 (3): 388-391. [20] Gabriel, U.U; P.E Anyanwu and O.A Akinrotimi (2007c). Blood characteristics associated with confinement stress in black chin tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron J. fish Int; 2: 186-189. [21] Zhiteneva, L.D; Poltavceva, T.G and Rudnickaja, O.A (1989). Atlas of normal and pathological cells in the blood of fish. Rostou-on-Don. 112pp. [22] George, A.D.I., Akinrotimi O.A.& Nwokoma,U. K. (2017). Haematological Changes in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Exposed To Atrazine and Metolachlor in the Laboratory. Journal of Fisheries Science.com. 11 (3), 48-54. [23] Akinrotimi, O. A. & Amachree, D. (2016).Changes in haematological parameters of Tilapia guineensis exposed to different concentrations of detergent under laboratory conditions. Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 31 (1), 95-103. [24] Sardella, B.A; Matey, V; Coopes, J; Gonezaler, R J; and (2004). Physiological biochemical and morphological indicator of osmoregulatory stress in California Mozamtique tilapia, expose to hypersclie water. J. Exp. Boil. 207: 1399-1413. [25] Vosyliene, M. 2 and Kazlauskiere, N (1999). Alternatives in fish health state parameter after exposure to different stressors. Aeta. Ziol. Litu. Hydrobiol. 9(2):83-94. [26] Houston,A.H; Roberts,W.C and Kenning to,J.A (1996).Haematological response in fish. Pronephene and splenic involvements in the gold fish,Carassivs auratus.Fish.Physiol. Biochem.15:481.489. [27] Girling, P; Purper, J. and Nowal; B (2003). Effect of acute salinity and water quality change an juvenile green back flounder, Rhombosolea taprina. Acta Ichth. Pisc. Xxu: 1-16. [28] Ajani; F; O.A Olukunle and S.A Agbede (2007). Hormonal and hematological response of Clatias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) to nitrite toxicity, J. fish Int 2: 48-53.