Adverse Effects of Condenser Cooling Seawater Temperature, Fouling, and Salinity on the Output Power and Thermal Efficiency of BWR NNPs

Source:
By:Said Ibrahim, Ismail M. A. Aggour

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jmmmr.v5i1.4617

Abstract:

Increasing the thermal efficiency in newly designed power stations is a priority. Keeping the efficiency in existed plants close to the rated one is of paramount importance. This research contributes to investigating the adverse effects of changes in condenser seawater coolant characteristics, (temperature, fouling, and salinity), on the thermal performance of a Boiling Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plant (BWR) NPP. A mathematical model is developed to relate seawater cooling temperature, fouling, and salinity to output power and thermal efficiency. The model also explains the impact of the condenser performance on power and efficiency. The thermal efficiency of the considered BWR NPP is reduced by 2.26% for a combined extreme increases in the condenser cooling seawater temperature, fouling factor of seawater and treated boiler feed water, and salinity by 10 ^°C, 0.0002, 0.00001 m²K/W, and 100 g/kg, respectively. A rise in the condenser efficiency from 40 - 100 % results in an increase in the output power by 7.049%, and the thermal efficiency increases by about 2.62%. Conclusions are useful for reactor’s design

References:

[1]Ibrahim, S.M.A., Ibrahim, M.M.A., Attia, S.I., 2014. The impact of climate changes on the thermal performance of a proposed pressurized water reactor nuclear-power plant. International Journal of Nuclear Energy, Hindawi, Article ID 793908. [2]Kim, B.K., Jeong, Y.H., 2013. High cooling water temperature effects on design and operation safety of nuclear power plants in the Gulf region. Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 45(7), 961-968. [3]Durmaya, A., Sogut, O.S., 2006. Influence of cooling water on the efficiency of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant. International Journal of Energy Research. 30, 799-810. [4]Linnerud, K., Mideksa, T.K., Eskeland, G.S., 2011. The impact of climate change on nuclear power supply. The Energy Journal. 32, 149-168. [5]Darmawan, N., Yuwono, T., 2019. Effect of increasing seawater temperature on performance of steam turbine of Muara Tawar power plant. The Journal for Technology and Science. 30(2), 60-63. [6]Pattanayak, L., Padhi, B.N., Kodamasingh, B., 2019. Thermal performance assessment of steam surface condenser. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 14. [7]Prada, S.S., Manichandra, M.G., et al., 2018. Experimental study on performance of steam condenser in 600 MW Singareni thermal power plant. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET). 9(3), 1095-1106. [8]Alus, M., Elrawenu, M., Kawan, F., 2017. The effect of the condenser inlet water Temperature on the combined cycle power plant performance. World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. 3(10), 206-211. [9]Khan, A.H., Islam, Md.S., 2019. Prediction of thermal efficiency loss in nuclear power Plants due to weather conditions in tropical region. Energy Procedia. 160, 84-91. [10]Ibrahim, S.M.A., Attia, S.I., 2015. The influence of condenser cooling seawater fouling on the thermal performance of a nuclear power plant. Progress in Nuclear Energy. 76, 421-430. [11]Alabrudzinski, S., Markuwski, M., Trafczynski, M., et al., 2016. The influence of fouling build-up in condenser tubes on power generated by a condensing turbine. Chemical Engineering Transactions. 52, 1225-1230. [12]Qureshi, B.A., Zubair, S.M., 2005. The impact of fouling on performance evaluation of evaporative coolers and condensers. International Journal Energy Research. 29(14), 1313-1330. [13]Muller-Steinhagen, H., 1999. Cooling water fouling in heat exchangers. Advances in Heat Transfer. 11, 415-496. [14]Bott, T.R., 1995. The design, installation, commissioning and operation of heat exchangers tominimize fouling. Fouling of Heat Exchangers, Chapter 13, Chemical Engineering Monographs. 26, 269-286. [15]Gautam, R.K., Parar, N.S., Vyas, B.G., 2017. Effect of fouling on thermal hydraulic Parameter of shell and tube heat exchanger. Student Conference, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic. [16]Ur-Rehman, K.J., Qureshi, B.A., Zubair, S.M., 1994. A comprehensive design and Performance evaluation study of counter flow wet cooling towers. International Journal of Refrigeration. 27, 914-923. [17]Satpathy, K.K., Mohanty, A.K., Sahu, G., et al., 2010. Biofouling and its control in seawater cooled power plant cooling water system - A review. Nuclear Power. Pavel Tsvetkov (Ed.). [18]Ibrahim, S.M.A., Attia, S.I., 2015. The influence of the condenser cooling seawater salinity changes on the thermal performance of a nuclear power plant. Progress in Nuclear Energy. 79, 115-126. [19]Wiesenburg, D.A., Brenda, J.L., 1989. A synopsis of the chemical/physical properties of Seawater. Ocean Physics and Engineering. 12(3&4), 127-165. [20]Ibrahim, M.M.A., Badawy, M.R., 2014. A parametric study of the impact of the cooling water site specific conditions on the efficiency of a pressurized water nuclear power plant. International Journal of Nuclear Energy. Article ID 569658. [21]Sharqawy, M.H., Hussin, I.S., Zubair, S.M., et al., 2011. Thermal evaluation of seawater cooling tower. Proc. of the ASME 2011 Int. Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. pp. 1-8. Denvor, Colorado. [22]Taku, N., Jiao, I., et al., 2014. Effects of salinity on heat transfer coefficient of forced convective single phase seawater flow. Int. Workshop on Nuclear Safety and Sever Accident (NUSSA), Kashimo, Japan. [23]Ibrahim, S.M.A., Attia, S.I., 2015. The combined effect of changes in the condenser cooling seawater temperature, fouling and salinity on the thermal performance of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant. International Journal of Nuclear Energy Science & Technology. 9(1). [24]Kronblad, R., 2013. Oskarshamn 3 - optimization after power update. Lund University. [25]Holman, J.P., 2010. Heat Transfer. 10th Edition. McGraw-Hill. [26]Sharqawy, M.H., Lienhard, V.J.H., Zubair, S.M., 2010. Thermo physical properties of seawater; Areview of existing correlations and data. Desalination and Water Treatment. 16, 354-380. [27]Dutta, A., Das, A.K., Chakrabaru, S., 2014. Study on the effect of cooling water temperature rise on loss factor and efficiency of a condenser for a 210 MW thermal power unit. International Journal of Engineering Technology and Advanced Engineering. 3(3), 485-489. [28] Garland, Wm. J., 2014. The essential CANDU: A textbook on the CANDU nuclear power plant Technology. Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Canada