Effect of Metabolic Excesses from Dietary Proteins on Blood Profile of Heat-stressed Broilers

Updata:01-01-1970

Source:
By:Author(s)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jzr.v3i4.2675

Abstract:

Although, dietary proteins play a crucial role in poultry profit maximization, through the sustenance of birds` welfare, growth and development, yet metabolic excesses from crude protein (CP) degradation is detrimental to broiler chickens (BC) affected by heat stress. This study evaluated the effect of dietary protein levels on blood profile of heatstressed BC at starter phase (SP) and finisher phase (FP). Arbor Acre BC (n=288) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments (T1- 23% CP; T2- 21% CP; T3- 19% CP; and T4- 17% CP) with six replicate groups in a completely randomized design. Data were subjected to descriptive analysis, analysis of variance (p=0.05) and correlation statistics. Protein intake (PI) was not significantly affected by varying CP in diets at SP, but not at FP, where PI significantly increased with increasing dietary CP. PER had a negative correlation with PCV (r= -0.89, p<0.01), Hb (r= -0.88, p<0.01), RBC (r= -0.93, p<0.01) and PI (r= -0.78, p<0.01). Metabolic excesses including heat dissipation from dietary proteins influenced PCV, Hb, platelets and glucose of heat-stressed broilers.

References:

[1]Abbasi, M. A., Mahdavi A. H., Samie, A.H., and Jahanian, R. Effects of different levels of dietary crude protein and threonine on performance, humoral immune responses and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks. Braz. J. Poult. Sci., 2014, 16:35-44. [2]Beski, S. S. M., Swick, R. A., and Iji, P. A. Specialized protein products in broiler chicken nutrition: A review. Anim. Nutri., 2015, 1:47-53. [3]Cheeke, P. R. Applied Animal Nutrition: Feeds and Feeding. 3rd Edn., Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, USA.., 2005. ISBN-13:9780131133310, pages: 604. [4]Lásztity, R. The Chemistry of Cereal Proteins, 1996, 2nd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA. [5]Fukushima, D. Soy Proteins. In Proteins in Food Processing; Yada, R.Y., Ed.; Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, UK, 2004; pp. 100-122. [6]Yvon, M., Beucher, S., Guilloteau, P., Le Huerou-Luron, I., Corring, T. Effects of caseinomacropeptide (CMP) on digestion regulation. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 1994, 34, 527-537. [7]Boye, J., Zare, F., and Pletch, A. Pulse proteins: Processing, characterization, functional properties and applications in food and feed. Food Res. Int. 2010, 43, 414-431. [8]Torres, N., Torre-Villalvazo, I., and Tovar, A. R. Regulation of lipid metabolism by soy protein and its implication in diseases mediated by lipid disorders. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2006, 17, 365-373. [9]Biolo, G., Tessari, P., Inchiostro, S., Bruttomesso, D., Fongher, C., Sabadin, L., Fratton, M.G., Valerio, A., Tiengo, A. Leucine and phenylalanine kinetics during mixed meal ingestion: A multiple tracer approach. Am. J. Physiol., 1992, 262, E455-E463. [10]Layman, D. K. and Baum, J. I. Dietary protein impact on glycemic control during weight loss. J. Nutr. 2004, 134, 968S-973S. [11]Popoola, O.R., Popoola, I.O., and Olusola, O. Preservative Effect of Newbouldia laevis (Boundary Tree) Leaf Extract on Shelf-Life of Fresh Chicken Meat under Tropical Conditions. Journal of Zoological Research, 2020a; Volume 2 (1):8-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jzr.v2i1.2015. [12]Popoola, I. O. Combating Heat Stress for Optimum Profitability in the 21st Century Poultry Farming Systems. Book Publisher International, First Edition, 2020, ISBN 978-93-90431-14-4 (Print); 978-93- 90431-15-1 (eBook). [13]Popoola, I. O., and Iyayi, E. A. Response of Heat-Stressed Broiler Chicks to Varying Dietary Electrolyte Balance at Pre-Starter and Starter Phases. Proceeding of 43rd Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production, Owerri, 18-22 March 2018, 189-191. [14]Popoola, I. O., Oshibanjo, D. O., Popoola, O. R., Okuneye, T. A., Ilaboya, I. I., Iyayi, E. A. Effect of Dietary Electrolyte Balance on Water Intake, Litter Moisture and Production of Broiler Chicks at Pre-Starter and Starter Phases. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 2019; 9, 472-480. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2019.94036. [15]Dein, F.J. Laboratory Manual of Avian Haematology. Association of Avian Veterinarian, East North Port, 1984. [16]Natt, P. M. and Herrik, C. A. A New Blood Diluent for Counting the Erythrocytes and Leucocytes of Chicken. Poultry Science, 1952, 31, 735-738. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0310735. [17]Dacie, J. U. and Lewis, S. M. Practical Haematology. Churchill Livingstone, London, 1975. [18]AOAC. Official methods of analysis, 2005, 18th edition, AOAC Inc. Arlington, VA. [19]Lacroix, R. L., Keeney, D. R., and Welsh, L. M. Potentiometric Titration of Chloride in Plant Tissue Extracts Using the Chloride Ion Electrode. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 1970, 1, 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00103627009366233. [20]Statistical Analysis System, 2012. SAS Users Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute Inc., Cary. [21]Popoola, I. O., Popoola, O. R., Olaleru, I. F., Busari, I. O., Oluwadele, F. J., Olajide, O. O. Early Thermal Acclimatization in Pre-Starter and Starter Chicks Fed Varying Crude Protein Diets Fortified with Optimum Electrolyte Balance. Central European Journal of Zoology, 2020b, Vol. 6 (1): 3-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13187/cejz.2020.1.3. [22]Popoola, I.O., Popoola, O.R., Adeyemi, A.A., Ojeniyi, O.M., Olaleru, I.F., Oluwadele, F.J., Akinwumi, E.O. Overall Performance, Carcass Yield, Meat Safety Potentials and Economic Value of Heat-Stressed Broilers Fed Diets with Balanced Electrolytes. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2020c, 11, 615-628. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2020.117044. [23]Popoola, I. O., Popoola, O. R., Ojeniyi, M. O., Olajide, O. O., Iyayi, E. A. The Roles of Key Electrolytes in Balancing Blood Acid-Base and Nutrient in Broiler Chickens Reared under Tropical Conditions. Natural Science, 2020d, 12, 4-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2020.121002. [24]McGuinness, E.E., Morgan, R.G., Levison, D. A., Frape, D. L., Hopwood, D., Wormsley, K.G. The effects of long-term feeding of soya flour on the rat pancreas. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1980, 15, 497-502. [25]Si, J., Fritts, C. A., Burnham, D. J., Waldroup, P. W. Extent to which crude protein may be reduced in corn-soybean meal broiler diets through amino acid supplementation. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 2004, 3:46-50. [26]Yakout, H. M., Omare, M. E., Marie, Y., and Hasan, R. A. Effect of incorporating growth promoters and different dietary protein levels into Mandarah hens Layers`s diets. Egypt Poult. Sci. J., 2004, 24:977- 994. [27]Moustafa, M., El-Kloulb, E.K., Hussein, A. A., and Gad El-Hak, M. K. A study on the energy and protein requirement of Mamoura local strain chickens during laying period. Egypt Poult. Sci., 2005, 25:637-651. [28]Meluzzi A., Sirri, F., Tallarico, N., and Franchini, A. Nitrogen retention and performance of Brown laying hens on diets with different protein content and constant concentration of amino acids and energy. Br. Poult. Sci., 2001, 42: 213-217. [29]Bunchasak, C., Poosuwan, K., Nukraew, R., Markvichitr, K., and Choothesa, A. Effect of dietary protein on egg production and immunity responses of laying hens during peak production period. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 2005, 4:701-708. [30]Zeng, Q. F., Cherry, P., Doster, A., Murdoch, R., Adeola, O., and Applegate, T. J. Effect of dietary energy and protein content on growth and carcass trait of Pekin ducks. Poult. Sci., 2015, 94:384-394. [31]Popoola, I. O., Popoola, O.R., Olajide, O.O., Adeyemi, A.A. and Alegbejo, Q.T. Reducing Sharp Fluctuations in Body Temperature and Optimizing Production Index of Broilers Using Dietary Electrolytes. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 2020e, 10, 266-277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2020.102015. [32]Soliva, C. R., Takahashi, J., and Kreuzer, M. Greenhouse Gases and Animal Agriculture: An Update. International Congress Series, 2006, The Netherlands: Elsevier. [33]Monteny, G. J., Bannink, A., and Chadwick, D. Greenhouse gas abatement strategies for animal husbandry. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2006, 112, 163-170. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.015. [34]Akhavan, T., Luhovyy, B. L., Brown, P. H., Cho, C. E., Anderson, G. H. Effect of premeal consumption of whey protein and its hydrolysate on food intake and postmeal glycemia and insulin responses in young adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2010, 91, 966-975. [35]Krebs, M. Amino acid-dependent modulation of glucose metabolism in humans. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 2005, 35, 351-354. [36]Roden, M., Perseghin, G., Petersen, K.F., Hwang, J.H., Cline, G.W., Gerow, K., Rothman, D.L., and Shulman, G.I. The roles of insulin and glucagon in the regulation of hepatic glycogen synthesis and turnover in humans. J. Clin. Invest. 1996, 97, 642-648. [37]Lynch, C.J., Hutson, S.M., Patson, B.J., Vaval, A., and Vary, T.C. Tissue-specific effects of chronic dietary leucine and norleucine supplementation on protein synthesis in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2002, 283, E824-E835. [38]Corzo, A., McDaniel, C. D., Kidd, M. T., Miller, E. R., Boren, B. B., and Fancher, B. I. Impact of dietary amino acids concentration on growth, carcass yield and uniformity of broilers. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2004, 55, 1133-1138. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AR04122. [39]Hindrichsen, I. K., Wettstein, H. R., Machmüller, A., and Kreuzer, M. Methane emission, nutrient degradation and nitrogen turnover in dairy cows and their slurry at different production scenarios with and without concentrate supplementation. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2006, 113, 150-161. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.004. [40]Talebi, A., Asri-Rezaer, S., Rozeh-Chai, R. and Sahraei, R. Comparative studies on haematology values of broiler strains (Ross, Cobb, Arbor-Acre and Arian). Int. Journal of Poultry Science, 2005, 4(8), 573- 579. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2005.573.579. [41] Oyawoye, E.O. and Ogunkunle, M. Physiological and biochemical effects of raw jack beans on broilers. Proceedings of Annual Conference of Nigerian Society of Animal Production, 2008, 23:141-142.

Tags: